Tertiary Care Hospital In Maharashtra Research Articles

Study of Pedestrian Injuries and Fatalities in Road accidentsat Tertiary Care Hospital in Maharashtra

Background: The Majority of the roads are narrow in India and unrepaired with multiple pits. Heavy traffic, rashand negligent driving lead to injuries to pedestrians and also cause fatal accidents.Method:450 pedestrians were brought to the Government Medical College and Hospital, Aurangabad, andstudied. Out of 450 cases, 63 (14%) had fatal fractures that were studied with an x-ray, CT scan, or MRI. Seriouspedestrians were admitted to the ICU; the remaining was treated by Orthopaedics and neurosurgeons.Results:128 (23.4%) were alcoholics, 54 (12%) had a visual problem, and 15 (3.2%) had Auditory problem: 38(8.44%)were mentally challenged (also included cases with psychiatric illness), 51(11.3%) were on antidepressanttreatment, 104 (23.1%) were busy in mobile speaking, and 60 (13.3%) were playing on the roadside. Maximumfractures observed were 107 (22.8%); cranial haemorrhage was followed by 98 (21.7%) fracture of the skull. Therewere 02 (0.44%) injuries to the kidney superficially or subcutaneously as four wheelers and two wheelers hit thepedestrians at the lumbar region, 3 (0.66%) in the aorta. The fatalities were 63 (14%). Among them, 40 (63.4%) hadhaemorrhage and shock; 16 (25.3%) had head injuries; 5 (7.93%) had septicaemia; and 2 (3.10%) had uraemia.Conclusion: Well-built roads, fencing or barriers for pedestrians, awareness of traffic rules, and stringentpunishment for both pedestrians and drivers of vehicles violating traffic rules can minimize pedestrian roadaccidents and fatalities.

Association between waiting time, service time and patient satisfaction in the out-patient department of a tertiary care hospital in Maharashtra

Background: Quality patient care is controlled by various factors - degree of fulfilment of patients' needs being one of them. Lesser waiting times, empathetic doctors and availability of medications yield more satisfied patients. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among 80 patients attending the OPD of a tertiary care hospital from 9 am to 1 pm, Monday to Saturday from 8th February 2021 to 8th April 2021. Consenting patients were shadowed and observed until they completed their visit. Actual waiting time, consultation time and overall visit duration were calculated. An exit interview was conducted to assess satisfaction with waiting time, infrastructure and doctor-patient interaction. Results: The mean waiting time in one visit was 59.025±39.497 minutes. The mean consultation time with the doctor was 6.925±7.688 minutes. Statistical analysis showed that patients with lesser waiting time were significantly more satisfied with hospital services (p=0.004). Males were significantly more satisfied than females (p=0.02). Domains of dissatisfaction were waiting time at the registration desk, outside the OPD, seating arrangement, cleanliness and availability of medications. Doctor-patient interaction and consultation time were rated highly.  Conclusions: The results showed that significant changes are required in the queueing system and hospital infrastructure. The positive response received in case of doctor-patient interaction is a step in the right direction. Regular surveys can help us rectify oversights in the present healthcare system.

Bacterial co-infection in Covid-19 patients visiting a tertiary care hospital in Maharashtra

Background and objectives: Several patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection presents with bacterial co-infection. The aim of the present study was to determine the bacteria responsible for co-infection in Covid-19 infected patients visiting a tertiary care hospital of Maharashtra, India. Material and methods: A cross sectional study was conducted for 3 months at tertiary care center. Covid-19 patients attending the hospital were included in the study. All the specimens were collected either at the time of admission at outdoor or within 24-48 hours of admission. All the specimens were processed for culture and antibiotic susceptibility testing as per institutional policy and standard methods. Results: Total 200 samples were collected out of which 98 (49%) patients were diagnosed with bacterial co-infection. Majority of cases with bacterial co-infection were above 21 years of age. Culture was positive in 80%, 66.7%, 49.2% and 38.8% of tracheal aspirate, pus, blood and urine samples respectively. Out of 98 cases of bacterial co-infection, 62.2% and 37.8% had infection with Gram negative and positive bacteria respectively. Most common organism isolated was Klebsiella pneumoniae (20.4%) followed by Enterococcus species (14.3%). Over 70% of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates were resistant to aminoglycosides, cephalosporins, fluroquinolones and carbapenems while 100% Acinetobacter was resistant to all antimicrobials tested. Among 57 Of the Gram negative isolates, 5 and 24 isolates were positive for ESBL carbapenemase respectively. Conclusion: The study revealed that bacterial co-infection was present in considerable proportion of Covid-19 patients and the organisms responsible were resistant to several antimicrobial agents. IMC J Med Sci. 2023; 17(2):006. DOI: https://doi.org/10.55010/imcjms.17.016 *Correspondence: Sahjid Mukhida, Department of Microbiology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India-411018. E-mail: drssmukhida@rediffmail.com

A cross-sectional study on knowledge and perceptions of generic medicines among MBBS and nursing students at a tertiary care hospital in Maharashtra

Background: Access to health-care facilities and essential medicines still remains a worldwide problem, particularly in developing countries. Greater awareness among health-care professional regarding generic drugs may translate into the increased consumption of generic drugs and reduction in healthcare costs wild maintaining the safety efficacy and quality off health-care system. Aim and Objectives: This study was conducted to analyze the knowledge and perception of generic medicines among MBBS and Nursing students in a medical teaching institute. Materials and Methods: A questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 260 students (172 MBBS, 88 Nursing course) in Government Medical College Jalgaon, to assess knowledge and attitude of students for generic medicines. Descriptive statistics and Kruskal–Wallis test were used to analyze the responses. Results: Most respondents from MBBS (86%) and nursing course (89%) agree to need more information about how bioequivalence test are conducted for generic medicine. Perception about branded medicines requiring high quality standards as compared to generic medicines was high in both courses’ students with 69.3% of nursing students and 43.6% of MBBS students having wrong perception. About 77.4% of MBBS students and 42% of nursing students responded positively to the statement about generic medicines being cheaper than branded drugs. Conclusion: Students from both the courses showed eagerness to have more information, were lacking in the knowledge, and had confused attitude toward generic medicines. Proper education and training may impart proper knowledge and change the attitude among students toward the generic medicines.

A Study of Psychological Impact on Adolescent Children of Parents with Alcohol Use Disorder

Abstract Context: Children of alcoholics face risks of problem behavior during childhood and mental health problems in adult life. Identifying these problems at the earliest can significantly reduce the problems in future. Aim: We aimed to study psychological impact on adolescent children of parents with alcohol use disorder. Settings and Design: This is a cross-sectional study done at a tertiary care hospital in Maharashtra. Materials and Methods: Convenience sampling technique was used. One hundred adolescent children of alcohol use disorder patients were evaluated for problem behavior and perceived stress using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and Perceived Stress Scale, respectively. Current status of severity of alcohol use in parents was assessed using the Severity of Alcohol Dependence Questionnaire. Statistical Analysis Used: Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences Software Package (version 20.0). Results: In our study, we found that children whose fathers had severe alcohol dependence were exhibiting more externalizing behavior on CBCL and higher perceived stress and it was statistically significant. Conclusion: A positive correlation was found between severity of alcohol use in fathers and problem behavior in children.

Assessment of predictors of diabetic foot ulcers in a tertiary care hospital of Maharashtra, India: A cross-sectional comparative study.

The chances of nonhealing foot ulcer among the diabetic is 10-20 times more than people without diabetes. Foot ulcer among diabetes population affects more than 40-60 million globally. There is a dearth of quality data on the factor among the diabetes patients, which hastens the progression of diabetic foot. The study aims to assess the risk factors associated with foot ulcer among the diabetics. The study was a cross-sectional comparative study in tertiary care hospital in Maharashtra, India. The study population included 200 diabetic foot ulcer patients and 200 of their age and gender matched comparator were patients with diabetes without foot ulcers. The sampling method was stratified random sampling. The mean age of both the groups of patients was around 54 years. Alcohol consumption, physical activity outside home, low foot care practices, irregularity of diabetic medication, and family history of diabetes among mothers were found to be factors associated with diabetes foot ulcer. There is a need to stratify the diabetes patients in regular care as per risk categories depending on the presence of above risk factors. This will not only prioritization of diabetes care in terms of future risk but also reduce the progression of complications like diabetes foot and resulting amputation through an active preventive intervention.

The Burden of Surgical Cancellations: A Quality Improvement Study on the Importance of Preoperative Assessment.

BackgroundThe operating room (OR) is a critical facility that consumes a significant percentage of the hospital's resources, so it must be used judiciously. Surgical cancellation is a chief cause of OR underutilization. The purpose of this study was to hold medical concerns accountable for surgical cancellations at a large tertiary care hospital in Maharashtra, India.MethodsThe Plan, Do, Study, and Act (PDSA) cycle is a tool for analyzing change and learning via action. We used this method to determine the origins of errors, identify key points, and test change interventions such as an individually tailored anesthetic plan, provision of a pre-anesthesia evaluation clinic in the outpatient department, reevaluating patients, and rechecking the preoperative checklist. This study was undertaken as a part of a quality improvement project at our hospital in India. All elective surgical operations scheduled between January and November 2020 were included, and canceled procedures were investigated to identify potential reasons.ResultsDuring the auditing period, 7,709 elective operations were scheduled; 68 (0.88%) of them were canceled. After piloting interventions, the rate of cancellations dropped from 1.08% to 0.67% in the succeeding cycle. A root cause analysis of the data revealed that there was a 7.1% decrease in cancellations due to hypertension, a 3.8% decrease due to insufficient routine blood tests, and a 1.9% decrease in the inappropriate preoperative workup, while we saw an increase in fever (5.5%) and blood sugar level (1.9%) discrepancies.ConclusionsDr. D. Y. Patil Hospital & Research Centre in Pune, India, had cancellations in scheduled ORs due to associated medical co-morbidity that were potentially reducible post-intervention and could be replicated for application in various tertiary care hospitals. Regular monthly audits, quality improvement projects, and the designation of an organized system may enhance the proper utilization of the OR which could potentially save funds, preserve resources, alleviate the burden of patients, and reduce cancellations to a minimum.

Clinical and endoscopic study of dyspepsia in overweight and obese patients.

Globally, the prevalence of obesity is increasing at an alarming rate. Obese patients often suffer from chronic dyspeptic symptoms. The aim of the study was to know the gross and histologic upper gastrointestinal mucosal changes and the prevalence of Helicobacter Pylori (H. Pylori) infection in overweight and obese dyspeptic patients. A cross-sectional, observational study was done on 100 patients with dyspepsia and a body mass index (BMI) of ≥25 kg/m2. The study was done between August 2019 and September 2021 at a tertiary care hospital in Maharashtra, India. Chi-square test, Mann-Whitney test, and Fischer exact tests were applied to study the association between categorical variables. A P value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant with a confidence level of 95%. There were 59 males and 41 females. The mean age of the study subjects was 41.95 ± 12.32 years and the age range was 19-67 years. The maximum number of patients (36%) were in the age group of 50-59 years. Hypertension (45%) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (30%) were the common comorbidities present. Heartburn and regurgitation were the most common symptoms, present in 37% and 35% of the subjects, respectively. Inflammatory lesions oesophagitis (28%) and gastritis (43%) were the common findings in upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (UGIE). The stomach was the most common site with lesions. On histopathological examination, erosive gastritis (33%) and oesophagitis (28%) were confirmed. A total of 86% of obese subjects had at least one grossly abnormal finding. The prevalence of H. Pylori was 32%. Obese subjects had significantly more abnormal findings on UGIE compared to overweight subjects (P < 0.05). Obese patients suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus had significantly abnormal findings on UGIE compared to non-diabetic obese patients (P < 0.05). Obese patients with higher body mass index (BMI) and the presence of H. Pylori infection were more likely to have abnormal UGIE findings. Inflammatory and erosive lesions of the stomach and oesophagus are more common in obese dyspeptic patients. UGIE should be the investigation of choice and should be performed in overweight and obese patients with dyspepsia to predict and prevent Gastrointestinal (GI) disorders and their related complications.

Trend analysis in seroprevalence of dengue, chikungunya and malaria: A seven-year serological study from a tertiary care hospital of Maharashtra, India.

Dengue, chikungunya and malaria are mosquito-borne infections, which have shared endemicity and similar clinical presentation. Simultaneous co-infection with more than one infectious agent complicates the diagnosis and further course of treatment. This study aims to determine the seroprevalence and trend of malaria, dengue and chikungunya from 2014-2020 in a tertiary care hospital of western India. The present study was retrospective descriptive record-based. Serum samples from clinically suspected dengue and chikungunya were subjected to both IgM antibody capture ELISA kits produced by National Institute of Virology (NIV), Pune, India. They were also subjected to ELISA based NS1Ag testing. In Suspected malaria cases, blood collected in EDTA tubes was subjected for Rapid Malaria antigen testing. Statistical analysis was performed using MS Excel and JMP Software. Seropositivity of malaria was comparatively higher in 2014 (5.53%) and a decreasing trend was observed in subsequent years. Majority of malarial infections were caused by Plasmodium vivax (81.67%). There is drastic increase in seropositivity of chikungunya from 2016 (23.67%) and thereafter as compared to 2014 (6.57%) and 2015 (7.29%) indicating its re-emergence. The dengue seropositivity in 2019 (40.19%) was highest in last seven years. Males were predominantly affected, and most affected age group was 21-30 years. Peak transmission was observed in post-monsoon seasons. Dengue and chikungunya co-infection was observed to be 5.79%. This study emphasizes the importance of surveillance studies to understand the trend of vector-borne diseases for prompt diagnosis, management of patients in hospital setup and for early detection and curtailment of outbreaks and epidemics by public health sectors through appropriate vector control programs.

Changing trends of patients undergoing thrombolysis for acute ST-elevated myocardial infarction in tertiary care hospital in Maharashtra, India

Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is becoming a major cause of morbidity and mortality burden in the developing world. Indians have been associated with a more severe form of CAD that has its onset at a younger age group with a male predominance. Reperfusion of the occluded coronary artery at the earliest is the most important aim of management of acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Aim: The aims of this work were to (1) study the changing trends in patients presenting with STEMI, (2) the outcomes of patients undergoing thrombolysis in a tertiary care hospital, and (3) the increasing trend of CAD in young (CADY). Materials and Methods: A total of 500 patients undergoing thrombolysis between January 2017 and December 2019 were studied retrospectively. We studied the age of presentation, sex, agents used for thrombolysis, their angiography findings, and their management and outcome. Results: CADY in less than 45 years of age was noted in 26.2% in our study. It was more common in men. Left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) was the most common artery to be involved in single-vessel coronary artery disease (SVCAD) patients followed by the right coronary artery (RCA). Door to needle time in our study was 28 min. Conclusion: The prevalence of CADY Indians in our study was significantly high. The most common age group of men presenting with STEMI was 51–55 years, followed by 45–50 years. The most common age group of women presenting with CAD was 61–65 years.

Clinicopathological study of lesions of nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses- A two year study

Sinonasal masses are common in the ENT Outpatient Department. The incidence being 1-4% of population. The symptoms and signs frequently overlap, hence, a diagnostic dilemma exists. The aim of this study was to study the occurrence of various lesions, the age, site and sex wise distribution in a tertiary care hospital of Maharashtra over the period of two years. The study aims to examine the occurrence of various lesions in nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, to determine the age, sex and site wise incidence of different benign and malignant lesions of nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses and to correlate the clinical and histopathological findings. Descriptive Study A descriptive study was carried out in the Department of Pathology at Tertiary Health Care among patients with clinically diagnosed nasal and paranasal sinus lesions attending the OPD of ENT during a period of 2 years. The specimens were grossly examined; fixed and routine microscopic staining was done. Interpretation was done using colour of the nuclei and the specimens were classified as neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions. The data was statistical analysed. Mean, Median, Mode The most common clinical presentation was nasal obstruction 97 (93.26%), rhinorrhoea 73 (70.19%) and facial pain 24 (23%). 1: Mean age for the lesions to occur was years with the range 21-30 years (20.92%); 2: Non-neoplastic lesions 82 (79.6%) were more common than neoplastic lesions; 3: Simple nasal polyp 74 (90.23%), hemangiomas (50%) and squamous cell carcinoma (50%) were most common. The study concludes that complete clinical, radiological and histopathological correlation helps us to categorize these sino-nasal lesions into various non-neoplastic and neoplastic types. But final histopathological examination provides a confirmatory diagnosis, as a significant number of cases may be missed on clinical evaluation alone.The clinical features of non-neoplastic and neoplastic nasal and paranasal sinuses lesions may be indistinguishable from each other leading to delay in proper diagnosis and treatment. Histopathological examination is a reliable, cost effective diagnostic tool for accurate diagnosis and management of such lesions, as a significant number of cases may be missed on clinical evaluation alone.

A PROSPECTIVE STUDY ON CLINICAL PROFILE AND OUTCOME OF PATIENTS WITH TUBERCULOUS MENINGITIS AT A TERTIARY CARE CENTRE IN MAHARASHTRA

BACKGROUND: Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is one of the most fatal forms of tuberculosis, early diagnosis and treatment of which can reduce morbidity and mortality. This study was undertaken to achieve data regarding clinical prole and outcome of patients from western India as epidemiological data is lacking from this region. METHODS: This prospective observational study was conducted on 136 patients admitted in medical ward and critical care unit of a tertiary care hospital in Maharashtra over 18 months. Clinical, biochemical, radiological and microbiological evaluation was done. Data was analyzed using SPSS 22 version software and p value of &lt;0.05 as signicant. RESULTS: The mean age of cases was 35.2 ± 14.69 years, majority from age group of 18 - 40 years. Out of 136 cases, 62 (45.6%) were males and 74 (54.4%) females. Commonest clinical features were fever and headache, followed by altered sensorium and seizure. Symptoms were mostly of acute onset (&lt;14 days). 42 cases (30.9%) were associated with present or past pulmonary tuberculosis and 34 (25%) with retroviral disease. 7 cases (5.2%) had hemiparesis and 3 (2.2%) had ophthalmoplegia. Mean ESR was 56.59 + 22.87. CSF showed lymphocytosis (mean 88.4 + 18.09 %), low glucose percentage (mean 39.57 + 0.2 %) and high protein (mean 146.02 + 106.62 mg/dl). 117 cases (86%) showed positive neuroimaging. Outcome was poor in stage III disease. CONCLUSION: Tuberculous meningitis usually presents as acute onset illness with fever, headache or altered sensorium. CSF Gene Xpert has low sensitivity as compared to neuroimaging. Advanced disease was associated with poor outcome.

Etiology of primary amenorrhea: Experience from a tertiary care hospital in Western India

Objectives: The etiology of primary amenorrhea is varied and can involve different organ systems. Gonadal dysgenesis and Mullerian agenesis are two most common disorders contributing to it. However, there is no consensus about the prevalence of different etiologies among studies reported from different parts of the world. The present study was carried out to evaluate different etiological factors responsible for primary amenorrhea in Western India. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective observational study carried out at a tertiary care hospital in Maharashtra. Thirty cases of primary amenorrhea were evaluated over a period of 2 years and data were analyzed regarding etiology and various management options. Results: Fourteen out of 30 cases had Mullerian agenesis and gonadal dysgenesis was reported in five cases. No case of genital tuberculosis was reported in our study. Most cases of Mullerian agenesis were managed with vaginoplasty, whereas cases of gonadal dysgenesis were managed with cyclical hormonal therapy. Conclusion: Mullerian agenesis was the most common etiology of primary amenorrhea followed by gonadal dysgenesis in our study. Diagnosis of patients of amenorrhea should be meticulous and their management depends on the underlying etiology.

An analysis of mortality and survival of COVID 19 patients admitted to a tertiary care hospital in Maharashtra, India

BackgroundAfter nine months of responding to the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic, the scientific fraternity is yet to unravel the mystery of those who are at most risk from mortality. Despite resistance to wear masks, the global public health response has beaten the grimmer projections of millions of deaths. The present study seeks to analyze the survival of COVID-19 patients at a tertiary care hospital and identify the risk factors of mortality. MethodsMedical records of 1233 RT PCR confirmed COVID-19 patients admitted in a tertiary care hospital between 01 April and 30 September 2020 were retrospectively analyzed for calculating overall survival and to investigate the independent predictors of survival of COVID-19 patients. ResultsThere were 72 (5.8%) deaths; which occurred in 24.9% of the elderly (age > 60yrs) people (P < 0.001), 76.0% in people with multiple comorbidities (having more than one comorbidity) (P < 0.001), 75.6% in people with diabetes (P < 0.001), and 75.5% in people with hypertension (P < 0.001). A significantly higher risk of mortality was observed in elderly patients, patients with comorbidities, and patients requiring oxygen while admitted in the hospital. ConclusionSurvival reflects the cure rates and is used by health professionals and policymakers to plan and implement disease control measures. The insights provided by the study would help facilitate the identification of patients at risk and timely provision of specialized care for the prevention of adverse outcomes in the hospital setting.

Correlation of iron deficiency anaemia with glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in non-diabetics: an observational study

Background: Alteration of HbA1c in other conditions such as haemolytic anaemia, pregnancy and haemoglobinopathy has raised questions about its correlation with iron stores. The aim of the study was to correlate iron deficiency anaemia with glycosylated haemoglobin levels among non-diabetics.Methods: The present study was an observational study among non-diabetic patients of iron deficiency anaemia attending our outpatient department. The study was conducted in the department of medicine of a tertiary care hospital in Maharashtra. All the non-diabetic patients more than 18 years with iron deficiency anaemia were included in the present study. Patients with acute coronary syndromes, chronic liver, chronic kidney diseases, malignancies, haemolytic anaemia, pregnancy, HIV positive with known end stage cardiopulmonary disease were excluded from the study.Results: About 86.33% of the patients had mild to moderate anaemia and 10.7% had severe anaemia in the present study. The average values of haemoglobin, serum ferritin, total iron binding capacity, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration and hematocrit significantly improved after the treatment. With treatment of anaemia, glycosylated haemoglobin, fasting blood sugars and post prandial blood sugars also improved significantly when compared to baseline (p&lt;0.001).Conclusions: The average values of haemoglobin, serum ferritin, total iron binding capacity, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration and hematocrit significantly improved after the treatment. With treatment of anaemia, glycosylated haemoglobin, fasting blood sugars and post prandial blood sugars also improved significantly when compared to baseline.

To study ocular findings in chronic kidney disease patients attending a tertiary care hospital in Maharashtra

We aim to assess the association of ocular manifestations with chronic kidney disease and correlating it with the stages of chronic kidney disease.It was a cross-sectional study carried out in tertiary medical college in Central Maharashtra. A total of 84 patients were examined over a period of 18 months. Detailed ocular and systemic examinations were undertaken. Dilated fundus evaluation was done with slit lamp biomicroscopy and indirect ophthalmoscopy. Positive anterior and posterior segment findings were noted. Out of 168 eyes of 84 patients, 111 eyes had posterior segment involvement, 25 eyes had anterior segment involvement and 22 eyes had both anterior and posterior segment involvement. Most common posterior segment pathology was hypertensive retinopathy followed by diabetic retinopathy. Anterior segment findings did not correlate with the stage of the disease whereas severe stage of diabetic retinopathy was present in later stages of chronic kidney disease. Present study showed a strong association of ocular manifestation in chronic kidney disease. Ocular involvement in CKD patients if not detected early can lead to permanent and irreversible visual loss, therefore pressing the need for ophthalmic examination in such cases.

Correlation of serum magnesium levels with body mass index in post-menopausal women: an observational study

Background: Obesity and overweight status based on body mass index among post-menopausal women is common finding. Micro-nutrient deficiencies like magnesium have also been summarised in the post-menopausal syndrome. With this background we planned this study to correlate serum magnesium levels with body mass index in post-menopausal women.Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted on the post-menopausal women attending the department of medicine in a tertiary care hospital of Maharashtra. We recruited 60 cases that fitted our eligibility criteria taken from the duration of 4 months in our institute. Data was collected using pre-designed and pre-tested questionnaire which had demographic variables, anthropometric measurements like height, weight, body mass index etc and serum magnesium levels of the patients. Serum magnesium levels were tested in blood using commercial kit for quantative measurement (Xylidyl Blue method) using automated analyser. Body mass index was calculated using the standard formula and classified based on the WHO guidelines.Results: The mean serum magnesium levels among obese/overweight post-menopausal women was 1.43±0.23 and among non-obese/overweight post-menopausal women it was 2.59±0.31(p&lt;0.001). We found a high inverse correlation between serum magnesium levels with body mass index in the present study. (r=-0.83, p&lt;0.001)Conclusions: The serum magnesium levels were significantly lower among the obese/overweight subjects when compared to normal subjects in the present study. There was significant high negative correlation between the serum magnesium levels and body mass index in the present study.

Prevalence of anaemia and its correlation with glycosylated haemoglobin among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: an observational study

Background: Anaemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus are two sides of a coin affecting the quality of life of the patients. Anaemia associated with diabetic status of the patients disturbs the exercise capacity, increases fatigue, anorexia, depression, cognitive dysfunction and decreased libido. Hence, we conducted a study to find the prevalence of anaemia among patients with type 2 diabetic patients and its correlation with glycosylated haemoglobin.Methods: An observational study was conducted in the department of medicine in a tertiary care hospital in Maharashtra. The data was collected from patients with type 2 diabetes attending the outpatient department during a span of 5 months (September 2020 to February 2021). The patients with pre-existing hypertension, chronic renal failure, congestive cardiac failure, stroke and other haematological disorders were excluded from the study. Patients on hormonal therapy, pregnant and lactating patients were also excluded from the study. Prior to the start of the study necessary permissions were taken from the institutional ethics committee. Relevant statistics were used to analyse the data.Results: The prevalence of anaemia in the present study was 45 (56.25%). Among these 45 patients 37 patients had normocytic normochromic anaemia, 6 cases of microcytic hypochromic anaemia and 2 cases of macrocytic anaemia. The mean haemoglobin levels among patients with Hba1c more than 7% was 9.7±1.12 and among Hba1c less than 7% was 12. 23±1.08 and this difference was statistically significant.Conclusions: About half of the patients were anaemic in the present study. Normochromic normocytic anaemia was the most common type of anaemia. There was significant association with levels of anaemia with Hb1ac in the present study.

Outcome of rheumatic heart disease and percutaneous balloon mitral valvotomy: A tertiary care center experience

Background: Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is still a leading cause of valvular heart disease in India. Balloon mitral valvotomy (BMV) is simple and safe procedure to improve the quality of life in patients with severe mitral stenosis. Aim: (1) To evaluate outcome of RHD patients in tertiary care hospital in developing country like India in twenty first century. (2) To evaluate safety and efficacy of BMV. Materials and Methods: We performed retrospective analysis of 500 patients with RHD undergoing echocardiography in a tertiary care hospital in Maharashtra, India. 15% (74 patients) of them underwent balloon mitral valvuloplasty between June 2012 and November 2019 and 37.6% (188 patients) were treated with valve replacements. Results: Successful BMV was performed in 72 patients. The rate of complication was 2.7%. No mortality was noted. One hundred and eighty-eight patients underwent Valve replacements. Conclusions: Balloon mitral valvuloplasty is a technically difficult procedure and demands considerable expertise in transseptal catheterization. Percutaneous balloon mitral valvotomy is a safe and effective treatment for symptomatic severe Mitral stenosis in experienced centers.

A retrospective study on the prevalence of weak D antigen (Du) in a blood bank in a tertiary care hospital in Maharashtra, India

A retrospective study on the prevalence of weak D antigen (Du) in a blood bank in a tertiary care hospital in Maharashtra, India